Centro de Investigación en Sociedad y Salud (CISS)Contiene la producción documental (impresa y audiovisual) del CISShttps://repositorio.umayor.cl/xmlui/handle/sibum/77712024-03-29T04:49:09Z2024-03-29T04:49:09ZPubertal development at age 14 is associated with male adolescents' combustible cigarette smoking and dual use, but not with e-cigarette use - Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort StudySilva-Gallardo, Constanza P. [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Chile]Maggs, Jennifer L.https://repositorio.umayor.cl/xmlui/handle/sibum/94992024-03-22T17:51:44Z2023-12-01T00:00:00ZPubertal development at age 14 is associated with male adolescents' combustible cigarette smoking and dual use, but not with e-cigarette use - Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Silva-Gallardo, Constanza P. [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Chile]; Maggs, Jennifer L.
Background: Adolescent nicotine exposure via electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is a global health concern. Pubertal development earlier than peers increases the risk of tobacco smoking compared to peers experiencing on-time or late maturation, yet relationships of pubertal timing with e-cigarettes are unknown. We examine whether early pubertal timing is associated with risk for e-cigarette use, tobacco cigarettes, or both by age 14. Methods: The Millennium Cohort Study follows a representative cohort of 18,552 9-month-old children born 2000-2002 in the United Kingdom. Our sample includes 11,445 adolescents (5697 boys, 5748 girls) classified at age 14 as early, on-time, or late in pubertal development timing (PDT) relative to same-age, same-sex peers using the Pubertal Development Scale. Outcomes were use of e-cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, or both by age 14. We included childhood liability confounders and demographics measured from age 7-11. Results: For girls, no PDT differences in age 14 e-cigarette or tobacco cigarette use were observed. All relative to on-time PDT boys, early maturing boys' odds of tobacco cigarette use were 59% higher (OR=1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08,2.35), and odds of dual-use were 49% higher (OR=1.49, CI=1.11,1.99), both compared to odds of never use. Among late PDT boys, dual-use odds were lower than never use by 35% (OR=0.65, CI=0.47,0.91) and lower than e-cigarette use only by 36% (OR=0.64, CI=0.42,0.97). Conclusions: At age 14, PDT was not associated with e-cigarette use for either sex, yet it was linked with tobacco use and dual use among boys.
2023-12-01T00:00:00ZDoes substance use disorder treatment completion reduce the risk of treatment readmission in Chile?Ruiz-Tagle Maturana, José [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Fac Humanidades, Chile]González-Santa Cruz, Andrés [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Sch Psychol, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]Rocha-Jiménez, Teresita [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Sch Psychol, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Sch Psychol, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]https://repositorio.umayor.cl/xmlui/handle/sibum/94982024-03-22T17:41:44Z2023-07-01T00:00:00ZDoes substance use disorder treatment completion reduce the risk of treatment readmission in Chile?
Ruiz-Tagle Maturana, José [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Fac Humanidades, Chile]; González-Santa Cruz, Andrés [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Sch Psychol, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]; Rocha-Jiménez, Teresita [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Sch Psychol, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]; Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro [Univ Mayor, Soc & Hlth Res Ctr, Sch Psychol, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]
Background: Recovery from substance use disorders (SUD) often entails multiple treatment episodes, which clashes with a context of a treatment system with limited resources and long waiting. Treatment retention and completion have been pointed out as key elements for sustainable achievement; however, most of the evidence generated focuses on opioids and injected substances, which is hardly transferable to the Latin American context.Objectives: This study aims to estimate the effect of SUD treatment completion on the risk of being readmitted to a SUD treatment in Chile.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on a database of 107,559 treatment episodes from 85,048 adult patients admitted to SUD treatment during 2010-2019 in Chile. We adjusted two separate Prentice Williams and Petersen Gap Time models, to explore the association between treatment completion (vs. non-completion) and up to the third treatment readmission among residential and ambulatory modalities while controlling for time-varying covariates. To examine whether the effect of treatment completion differs between events, we included an interaction term with the stratification variable.Results: We found that completing the treatment cuts readmission risk for the first event by 17% (Average Hazard Ratio [95% CI] = 0.83 [0.78, 0.88]) and by 14% for the second entry (Average Hazard Ratio [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.78, 0.94]) in ambulatory treatments. We did not find evidence that completing a treatment reduces the readmission risk for residential treatments or third attempts in ambulatory ones. Conclusion: Treatment completion was associated with benefits in cutting readmission risk for the first and second episodes in ambulatory treatments among Chilean adults. It is important to explore different mechanisms than treatment retention for residential treatments.
2023-07-01T00:00:00ZImpacto negativo de la pandemia Covid-19 en las atenciones ambulatorias de salud mental de la Región de Coquimbo, ChileSepúlveda-Queipul, CamiloSoto-Brandt, GonzaloCastillo-Carniglia, Álvaro [Univ Mayor, Ctr Invest Sociedad & Salud, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]Toro-Devia, OlgaRivera Espinoza, DanielaAlvarado, Rubénhttps://repositorio.umayor.cl/xmlui/handle/sibum/94802024-03-20T23:48:35Z2023-08-22T00:00:00ZImpacto negativo de la pandemia Covid-19 en las atenciones ambulatorias de salud mental de la Región de Coquimbo, Chile
Sepúlveda-Queipul, Camilo; Soto-Brandt, Gonzalo; Castillo-Carniglia, Álvaro [Univ Mayor, Ctr Invest Sociedad & Salud, Fac Ciencias Sociales & Artes, Chile]; Toro-Devia, Olga; Rivera Espinoza, Daniela; Alvarado, Rubén
Introducción: La pandemia por COVID 19 ha tensionado los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo, al mismo tiempo ha generado un impacto negativo en la salud mental de la población. Los servicios de salud mental tienen el desafío de responder a las necesidades de salud mental de la población en contextos de emergencia sanitaria. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio, fue estimar y explicar el efecto que tuvo la pandemia COVID-19 en las atenciones de los servicios públicos ambulatorios de salud mental de la Región de Coquimbo, Chile, para lo cual se utilizó un método mixto secuencial (DEXPLIS). Material y métodos: En una primera etapa, se realizó un análisis de serie de tiempo ininterrumpidos en el periodo 2017-2021 de las atenciones de salud mental incluidas en el registro estadístico mensual (REM), con una disminución del 56% al año 2020 de las atenciones ambulatorias. Una segunda fase cualitativa, indagó y profundizó en los hallazgos a través de un análisis de contenido temático de las experiencias y percepciones recogidas a través de grupos focales de gestores, profesionales y representantes de la comunidad. Resultados y conclusiones: Se concluye que existió una disminución de las atenciones ambulatorias presenciales en la región de Coquimbo. Se sostiene que ante emergencias similares es fundamental la planificación con pertinencia territorial y enfoque comunitario.
2023-08-22T00:00:00ZSocioeconomic position and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood: Evidence from Santiago, ChileDelker, ErinGahagan, SheilaBurrows, RaquelBurrows-Correa, PaulinaEast, PatriciaLozoff, BetsyBlanco, Estela [Univ Mayor, Ctr Invest Soc & Salud, Chile]https://repositorio.umayor.cl/xmlui/handle/sibum/94732024-03-20T20:58:04Z2023-04-01T00:00:00ZSocioeconomic position and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood: Evidence from Santiago, Chile
Delker, Erin; Gahagan, Sheila; Burrows, Raquel; Burrows-Correa, Paulina; East, Patricia; Lozoff, Betsy; Blanco, Estela [Univ Mayor, Ctr Invest Soc & Salud, Chile]
Background: Optimizing cognitive development through early adulthood has implications for population health. This study aims to understand how socioeconomic position (SEP) across development relates to executive functioning. We evaluate three frameworks in life-course epidemiology - the sensitive period, accumulation, and social mobility hypotheses.Methods: Participants were young adults from Santiago, Chile who were studied from 6 months to 21 years. Family SEP was measured at ages 1 y, 10 y, and 16 y with the modified Graffar Index. Executive functioning was assessed at ages 16 y and 21 y by the Trail Making Test Part B (Trails B). Analyses estimating 16 y and 21 y executive function involved 581 and 469 participants, respectively. Trails B scores were modeled as a function of SEP at 1 y, 10 y, and 16 y, as the total accumulation of disadvantage, and as change in SEP between 1 y and 10 y and between 10 y and 16 y.Results: Participants were low-to middle-income in infancy and, on average, experienced upwards mobility across childhood. Half of participants (58%) improved Trails B scores from 16 y and 21 y. Most (68%) experi-enced upward social mobility between infancy and 16 y. When examined independently, worse SEP measured at 10 y and 16 y related to worse (longer time to complete) Trails B scores at Age 21 but did not relate to the other outcomes. After mutual adjustment as a test of the sensitivity hypothesis, no SEP measure was independently related to any outcome. Testing the accumulation hypothesis, cumulative low SEP was associated with worse cognitive performance at 21 y (beta symbolscript 3.6, p symbolscript 0.04).Results for the social mobility hypothesis showed no relation to cognitive scores or to change in cognitive scores. Comparing all hypotheses, SEP at 16 y explained the most variability in executive functioning at 21 y, providing support for the sensitive period hypothesis.Conclusions: Results indicate that experiencing cumulatively low socioeconomic position from infancy to adolescence can have a negative impact on cognitive functioning in young adulthood. Findings also provide evidence in support of adolescence as a key developmental period during which SEP can most strongly impact cognitive functioning.
2023-04-01T00:00:00Z